写的:
EVP and President BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca
VP Centre for Genomics Research, AstraZeneca
SVP and Head of Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and 新陈代谢 (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca
全世界每16人中就有1人患有糖尿病，而且这一数字还在迅速上升1. 糖尿病的临床管理往往因其他因素和疾病(如肥胖)而复杂化, liver and kidney diseases2. 目前的治疗侧重于控制症状，而不是寻求直接针对根本原因. 澳门葡京赌博游戏正在跟随科学发现新的治疗方法，可以帮助更多的人摆脱糖尿病.
Just a spoonful of sugar
糖尿病是一种代谢疾病，是由于不能正确处理糖而导致的. 因此，糖尿病患者通常需要仔细控制他们吃糖的时间和量.
糖尿病的科学研究依赖于胰腺分泌的激素胰岛素. When we eat, the amount of sugar in the blood rises. The pancreas detects this change and releases insulin into the blood. Insulin is detected by cells in the liver, muscles and fat tissues, 使它们从血液中吸收糖分，并将其转化为储存能量的其他分子，直到需要的时候.
糖尿病患者要么是1型糖尿病，他们不能分泌胰岛素, or type-2 where their bodies stop responding to insulin. 1型糖尿病通常在儿童时期被诊断出来，可以通过注射胰岛素来治疗. Most people with diabetes (around 95%) have type-2, which is linked to an inactive lifestyle or high body weight1. Type-2 diabetes is more typical later in life, 尽管在儿童中越来越多地看到，主要是由于儿童肥胖的增加3. 除了, 有些人在怀孕期间会患上一种叫做妊娠糖尿病的糖尿病, which usually resolves after giving birth.
Is there a gene for diabetes?
尽管有明确的证据表明，有些人在遗传上或多或少更容易患上一种或另一种糖尿病, 很难确定影响1型和2型糖尿病风险的确切基因4.
现在收集人类遗传学信息比以往任何时候都容易得多. 在世界范围内, 有许多项目集中于收集大量人群的基因数据，以帮助澳门葡京赌博游戏更深入地了解基因与糖尿病等复杂疾病之间的关系. With this in mind, 2016年，澳门葡京赌博游戏为自己设定了一个大胆的目标:到2026年，通过澳门葡京赌博游戏的 integrated genomics initiative5. 澳门葡京赌博游戏的目标是利用基因组技术的持续进步来发现新的疾病见解，并扩大慢性病患者可获得的治疗世界. 澳门葡京赌博游戏使用这些方法收集的信息将是确定患者亚群最合适的遗传靶点的关键.
In a recent study 澳门葡京赌博游戏的科学家分享了这项研究的一些结果，他们研究了糖尿病，使用了800多个,000 samples from across several genomic data collections, including the UK Biobank (450,000), Mexico City Prospective Study (MCPS; 100,000) and FinnGen (260,000).
在比较来自英国的人群的基因时，有很多理由期待差异, Mexico and Finland, 因此，在所有这些人群中发现一种似乎可以预防糖尿病的基因变化是特别令人兴奋的. Starting with the UK Biobank, 澳门葡京赌博游戏的科学家发现，不能制造一种叫做MAP3K15的蛋白质的人患糖尿病的可能性要低35%, both type-1 and type-2. Given the many differences between the types of diabetes, it is unusual to find a single gene that affects the risk of both.
Putting MAP3K15 on the map
After finding a link between diabetes and MAP3K15 in people from the UK, 澳门葡京赌博游戏的科学家接着在MCPS和FinnGen的样本中展示了同样的模式. 他们还深入挖掘了数据，表明失去MAP3K15可以保护人们免受糖尿病的侵害，无论他们的身体质量指数(BMI)如何。. 这也是不寻常的，因为BMI指数高的人更容易患2型糖尿病.
But what is MAP3K15 and how does it prevent diabetes? The simple answer is that this is the vital next step for our research. We know that the pancreas, where insulin is made, 是产生MAP3K15的基因通常活跃的身体部位之一吗. 澳门葡京赌博游戏还知道MAP3K蛋白通常通过响应化学信号来帮助细胞进行交流6. 澳门葡京赌博游戏希望MAP3K15能成为治疗糖尿病的有效靶点, MCPS and FinnGen show that there are thousands, if not millions, of people worldwide who have low levels, or a total lack, of MAP3K15 and are otherwise healthy.
整体, 澳门葡京赌博游戏已经证明MAP3K15是一个潜在的安全的预防靶点, and possibly treatment, of both forms of diabetes. If this proves to be the case following further pre-clinical research, then a medicine targeting MAP3K15 could transform diabetes healthcare, 帮助遏制世界范围内病例数量的迅速增长，使更多的人过上更好的生活, healthier lives.
